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Delaware is known as the "Diamond State," and some genealogical gems can certainly be found there. There are many historical and genealogical records available for Delaware but you won’t have to dig too much for them; we’ll show you exactly where they are. To get you started in tracing your Delaware ancestry, we’ll introduce you to those records, and help you to understand:
These records can be found both online and off, so we’ll introduce you to online websites, indexes and databases, as well as brick-and-mortar repositories and other institutions that will help with your research in Delaware. So that you will have a more comprehensive understanding of these records, we have provided a brief history of the "Diamond State” to illustrate what type of records may have been generated during specific time periods. That information will assist you in pinpointing times and locations on which to focus the search for your Delaware ancestors and their records.
The first Europeans to settle in Delaware were a group of Swedes under the leadership of Peter Minuits. Minuits was the first governor of New York, and the Swedish group broke away from the Dutch to establish their own colony. The Dutch had other ideas however, as they laid claim to the area. The two nations fought for control, each by establishing forts in various strategic locations. The Dutch built Fort Nassau near Camden and the on the site of present-day Newcastle, the Swedes established bases at Tinicum and Lewiston. The Dutch finally prevailed in 1655, overthrowing the Swedish fortifications and claiming the entire area for Holland.
The Dutch ruled the region until 1664 when the English overthrew them and Delaware was united with New York. In 1682 the area between Newcastle and Cape Henlopen was sold to William Penn by the Duke of York, and this area constitutes the modern-day state of Delaware. Delaware was governed as part of Pennsylvania until the time of the American Revolution, though they had enough liberty from the governor of Pennsylvania to form their own distinct assembly.
Delaware was among the thirteen colonies which initiated the American Revolution against the British, and adopted its own constitution in 1776 at which time it declared itself the “Delaware State.” Delaware officially became a state on December 7, 1787. At the time of the Civil War, Delaware was rare in that it was a Union state that still practiced slavery. Though divided, the state elected not to secede from the Union, and though its troops mainly fought for the union cause, some served in Delaware companies on the Confederate side.
Delaware never formally abolished slavery, though after the war the majority of slave owners freed their slaves voluntarily. The state voted against the 13th Amendment to abolish slavery, however accepted its institution and slavery was abolished in the state in 1865. Delaware finally ratified the Amendment in 1901, forty years after the Emancipation Proclamation.
There was only one land battle fought in Delaware during the Revolutionary War, and a minor naval skirmish in Delaware Bay. Although only a few, these battle accounts can be very effective in uncovering the military records of your ancestor. They can tell you what regiments fought in which battles, and often include the names and ranks of many officers and enlisted men. Following are the two most famous battles fought in Delaware and links to useful information about them.
Boundary Changes: Boundary changes are a common obstacle when researching Delaware ancestors. You could be searching for an ancestor’s record in one county when in fact it is stored in a different one due to historical county boundary changes. The Atlas of Historical County Boundaries can help you to overcome that problem. It provides a chronological listing of every boundary change that has occurred in the history of Delaware.
Name Changes: Surname changes, variations, and misspellings can complicate genealogical research. It is important to check all spelling variations. Soundex, a program that indexes names by sound, is a useful first step, but you can't rely on it completely as some name variations result in different Soundex codes. The surnames could be different, but the first name may be different too. You can also find records filed under initials, middle names, and nicknames as well, so you will need to get creative with surname variations and spellings in order to cover all the possibilities. For help with surname variations read our instructional article on How to Use Soundex.
Genealogical resources include not only records, but the organizations that house them, or can direct you to them. These institutions include: Archives, Libraries, Genealogical Societies, Family History Centers, Universities, Churches, and Museums.
Following are links to their websites, their physical addresses, and a summary of the records you can find there.
Delaware Public Archives
121 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. North
Dover, DE 19901
Tel: 302-744-500
Fax: 302-739-2578
Email: aarchives@state.de.us
City Hall
15 Loockerman Plaza,
Dover, DE 19901
Tel: (302)-736-7030
University of Delaware Library
181 South College Avenue
Newark, DE 19717-5267
Tel: 302-831-2965
43 Kent Avenue
Bethany Beach, DE 19930
Tel: (302) 539-5231
Genealogical and historical societies have access to extensive catalogues of genealogical data. They are also able to offer expert guidance for genealogical researchers. Many members are professional genealogists who are most willing to share their expertise in finding ancestors.
505 North Market Street,
Wilmington DE 19801-3091
Tel: (302)-655-7161
P.O. Box 1787
Dover, DE 19903-1787
Email: info@downstatedegenealogists.org
c/o Rehoboth Beach Public Library
226 Rehoboth Avenue
Rehoboth Beach, DE 19971
510 S. Bedford St.
Georgetown, DE 19947
The Family History Centers run by the LDS Church offer free access to billions of genealogical records for free to the general public. They also provide classes on genealogy and one-on-one assistance to inexperienced family historians. Here you will find a Complete Listing of Delaware Family History Centers.
Mailing lists are internet based facilities that use email to distribute a single message to all who subscribe to it. When information on a particular surname, new records, or any other important genealogy information related to the mailing list topic becomes available, the subscribers are alerted to it. Joining a mailing list is an excellent way to stay up to date on Delaware genealogy research topics. Rootsweb have an extensive listing of Delaware Mailing Lists on a variety of topics.
A message board is another internet based facility where people can post questions about a specific genealogy topic and have it answered by other genealogists. If you have questions about a surname, record type, or research topic, you can post your question and other researchers and genealogists will help you with the answer. Be sure to check back regularly, as the answers are not emailed to you. The message boards at the Delaware Genealogy Forum are completely free to use.
Many genealogy periodicals and historical newspapers contain reprinted copies of family genealogies, transcripts of family Bible records, information about local records and archives, census indexes, church records, queries, land records, obituaries, court records, cemetery records, and wills.
Maps are an integral part of genealogical research. They help us to locate landmarks, towns, cities, parishes, states, provinces, waterways and roads and streets. They also help us to determine when and where boundary changes might have taken place, and give us a visualization of the area we’re researching in. For locating place names, a gazetteer is the best possible resource for any genealogist. Gazetteers are also sometimes called “place name dictionaries”, and can help you to locate the area in which you need to conduct research.
Birth, Death, Marriage and Divorce Records – Birth, death, and marriage records are the most basic, yet most important records attached to your ancestor. They are generally referred to as vital records as they record vital life events. The reason for their importance is that they not only place your ancestor in a specific place at a definite time, but potentially connect the individual to other relatives. Below is a list of repositories and websites where you can find Delaware vital records
Census records are among the most important genealogical documents for placing your ancestor in a particular place at a specific time. Like BDM records, they can also lead you to other ancestors, particularly those who were living under the authority of the head of household.
Delaware census records exist from 1790-1910 and many images and indexes can be viewed online.
Church and synagogue records are a valuable resource, especially for baptisms, marriages, and burials that took place before 1900. You will need to at least have an idea of your ancestor’s religious denomination, and in most cases you will have to visit a brick and mortar establishment to view them.
Most church records are kept by the individual church, although in some denominations, records are placed in a regional archive or maintained at the diocesan level. Local Historical Societies are sometimes the repository for the state’s older church records.
Most of the records of individual denominations are kept in central repositories. Below is a list of the major congregational archives in Delaware, links to their websites, physical addresses, and contact information.
More than 40 million Americans have participated in some time of war service since America was colonized. The chance of finding your ancestor amongst those records is exceptionally high. Military records can even reveal individuals who never actually served, such as those who registered for the two World Wars but were never called to duty.
As convenient as it is to search cemetery records online, keep in mind that there are a few disadvantages over visiting a cemetery in person. They are:
With that information in mind, the following websites have databases that can be searched online for Delaware Cemetery records.
Obituaries can reveal a wealth about our ancestor and other relatives. You can search our Delaware Newspaper Obituaries Listings from hundreds of Delaware newspapers online for free.
The documents found in a probate packet may include a complete inventory of a person’s estate, newspaper entries, witness testimony, a copy of a will, list of debtors and creditors, names of executors or trustees, names of heirs. They can not only tell you about the ancestor you’re currently researching, but lead to other ancestors. Most of these records must be accessed at a county court or clerk’s office, but some can be found online as well. You can obtain copies of the original probate records by writing to the county clerk.
Delaware State Library – early Colonial probate records dating from 1635 to early 20th century.
Delaware Archives – estates of deceased persons, 1649-1820
Delaware Probate Courts – directory of county probate courts to which you can write for records
The naturalization process generated many types of records, including petitions, declarations of intention, and oaths of allegiance. These records can provide family historians with information such as a person's birth date and place of birth, immigration year, marital status, spouse information, occupation, witnesses' names and addresses, and more.
National Archives New England Region – naturalization and immigration records for Delaware from 1842-1973
Delaware State Library – Naturalization records from 1791-1906
Railroads played an important role in the settlement of Delaware. The records of railway employees can be a valuable genealogical source, especially if your ancestor was a railway employee. Following are places both online and off where you can search railway records for Delaware ancestors.
University of Delaware Libraries – a variety of railroad resources and records
City directories are similar to telephone directories in that they list the residents of a particular area. The difference though is what is important to genealogists, and that is they pre-date telephone directories. You can find an ancestor’s information such as their street address, place of employment, occupation, or the name of their spouse. A one-stop-shop for finding city directories in Delaware is the Delaware Online Historical Directories which contains a listing of every available city and historical directory related to Delaware.
Access Genealogy – Native American census records, tribal histories, and much more
Midwest Genealogy Center – a wide variety of records from the vast majority of Native American tribes in the United States on microfilm
Midwest Genealogy Center
3440 S. Lee’s Summit Road
Independence, Missouri
The National Archives - information about American Indians who maintained their ties to Federally-recognized Tribes (1830-1970).
Looking for female ancestors requires an adjustment of how we view traditional records sources. A woman’s identity was often under that of her husband, and often individual records for them can be difficult to locate. The following resources are effective in locating female ancestors in Delaware where traditional records may not reveal them.
The earliest marriage records were recorded by the towns and often mixed with land records. It wasn’t until 1849 that town and probate clerks were ordered to record marriages. In addition to original town records, the following indexes can be found at the Delaware State Library:
Divorces were first recorded in the General Court of Delaware Colony, and in the Court of Magistrates in New Haven Colony. The Superior Court was given jurisdiction in 1711, and later records are held by the Clerk of the Superior Court in the county where the divorce was granted. Many records of divorce have been filmed at the Delaware State Library and are as follows:
Women’s Research Center
University of Delaware
Political Science Department
Newark, DE 19716
Winterthur Museum and library
Route 52, Kenneth Pike
Winterthur, DE 19735
The following surnames are among the most common in Delaware. The list is by no means exhaustive. If your surname doesn’t appear in the list it doesn’t mean that you have no Delaware connections, only that your surname may be less common. These are names that are also being currently researched in Delaware, so if you do find your surname here, there is a chance that some research has already been performed on your ancestor.
Adams, Anderson, Andreozzi, Andrews, Aye, Bailey, Baldwin, Balh, Balles, Banning, Baxley, Beardsley, Behle, Berger, Beyer, Blain, Blakeslee, Bloomer, Blose, Boas, Borque, Bower, Bowler, Boyce, Bradish, Brenneman, Briggs, Brown, Burton, Bush, Caddis, Caldwell, Calhoun, Carey, Carruthers, Cartier, Casey, Cathers, Clements, Collins, Cooper, Cordrey, Coulbourn, Crothers, Crouch, Culver, Curtis, Daisey, Daly, Davis, Dernehl, Derrickson, Desy, DeVaughn, Dickinson, Diehl, Dixon, Donovan, Doyon, Duhme, Earnest, Elliott, Ellis, Elzey, Emmert, English, Evans, Exley, Fancher, Fischer, Fisher, Fleck, Flemer, Fluamer, Flummer, Foos,Foskey, Frame, Furlong, Geis, Glass, Golt, Gordy, Green, Greg, Greim, Groninger, Gropp, Haag, Hall, Hammond, Harwin, Hasting, Hastings, Hawk, Hearn, Hearne, Hellens, Herzog, Hickman, Hill, Hoffmann, Hogg, Hollingsworth, Horn, House, Houston, Hudson, Hughes,Hummell, Iddings, Inloes, Japes, Johnson, Jones, Julien, Kauffman, Keen, Kennerly, Kenney, Kerney, Kearney, Kerr, Kimberly, King, Kinneken, Kinsey, Klang, Knightly, Knipe, Knowles, Lantz, Larimore, Lariviere, Lasbury, LeCates, Lenney, Lennon, Leslie, Lewis, Lindell, Lindsay, Lishman, Lister, Lyons, Maasch, Mackey, Macklin, Malloy, Matthews, May, McCarthy, McGarrity, Mears, Melson, Mettee, Metzger, Mills, Minnich, Montigny, Montour, Morgan, Morris, Mueller, Murgatroyd, Murray, Myers, Nash, Neale, Neels, Newlin, Oman, Orrell, Page, Painter, Paynter, Parks, Passwaters, Payne, Pehrsson, Penton, Peterson, Philley, Phillips, Pierce, Pigott, Pontius, Pontious, Posten, Pratt, Pugh, Purchase, Purnell, Pusey, Quillia, Reddick, Reed, Regli, Reynolds, Richardson, Rickards, Roche, Rodgers, Rogers, Rumbaugh, Schneider, Schulte, Shepley, Shockley, Short, Sinnott, Sischell, Slattery, Snell, Spence, Spicer, Spurgeon, Starr, Sweeney, Tatro, Tierlinck, Tilden, Tingle, Toohey, Travilla, Truby, Truitt, Tubbs, Tucke,r Tunnell, Tyndall, Underwood, Underwood, Van Thorre, Vaughn, Voshell, Warren, Waud, Weaver, Williams, Welsh, West, Whitebread, Wiles, Willey, Wilson, Wise, Wolf, Wolfrey, Woolfrey, Wood, Woodman, Workman, Wright, Wyatt, Yale, Yelle, Zeth